More on group selection by men of other men
And how it plays out.
First of all, I'm going to state what I was thinking awhile ago when i started thinking of this topic earlier. Namely, let's start out by saying human beings engage in kin selection -- and multi-level group selection is just a version of that. Why? Because, at some point, go back enough generations, and we are all relatives. In which case, selection means favoring a group closer to us over a group farther away from us genetically -- based on percentage of genetic material shared.
And, that's the thing. If evolutionary biologists insist that I, as a human being, want to maximize my genes, it also holds true I have an interest in maximizing the reproduction of those who share a significant amount of my genetic material in common with me, meaning relatives. However, in doing so, I want my genetic material to combine with superior genetic material that is COMPATIBLE and COMPLEMENTARY to it -- even if totally unrelated. Thus, my interest in spreading my genetic material results in an interest in encouraging the reproduction of other genetic material I merely decide is "good." Even if not "familiar" or "same" as mine.
Furthermore, I do think in today's super individualistic culture, most evolutionary biologists exaggerate human tendency to compete -- which DOES happen in the face of scarce resources but, otherwise, there is no reason not to support the reproduction of others unrelated to you UNLESS overpopulation and scarcity means a need to figure out WHO is going to die or leave and who is going to stay.
Otherwise, we have an interest in maximizing the population and supporting everyone's reproduction, to better ensure our own survival since we can all breed with one another and that's precisely what our descendants are going to do. We do, however, have an interest in ensuring those with the best survival characteristics breed in higher rates than those who are inferior, and favoring those who are superior over those who are inferior. Since, after all, many generations ahead, those who are superior will eventually mix their genes with our genes, even if we are among an inferior class.
This interest, however, gets moderated by one thing. Only my senses -- sense of eyesight, hearing, memory, etc., help me determine who is genetically superior material whose reproduction I want to favor, in the interests of ensuring my progeny breed with GOOD breeding material rather than POOR breeding material.
I use the word "memory" for a specific reason. Namely, before I discussed men's inherent tendency to cooperate, but what does cooperation mean? Cooperate means pushing genetically superior men to the top of the hierarchy. But, you can't do that without having objective measures to determine who is superior and who isn't. That might explain a great deal of violence between men -- much of which is in good humor. It's a testing mechanism. Sports are a testing mechanism too. All sorts of competition men engage in are testing mechanisms, to figure out which men are the best -- and they end up at the top and reproduce the most.
I am just saying this in order to point out that much of what we call "competition" can actually be seen as a form of cooperation or of altruism. We just don't see it that way because we disapprove of it -- irrationally so. So, when two men get into a fight, the fact is that everyone notices who won, and it has an impact on his social standing later on, or it could. Sometimes it helps both of them in different ways. It's not inherently competitive if both survive. Only when some get killed can we call it competition.
In any case, the reason why I am talking about kin selection versus group selection and bringing in the term "measurement" is, let's say human beings are trying to engage in kin selection. At some point, our senses give us only a blurry ability to distinguish kin from non-kin, and its pointless. It becomes better simply to distinguish who is a better mate for a female version of you, if it is a man you are judging. Our senses are more attuned to distinguishing THAT than attuned to distinguishing whether someone is related to us.
Though, if any senses out there are able to determine kin more than others, it is our sense of smell. Which, guess what, women have a better sense of than men do. And, if there are any senses out there that better enable us to engage in very good GROUP selection, it is our sense of EYESIGHT -- which MEN have a better sense of than women. At least men have a better geometrical visual sense. Which is extremely important, when it comes to the ability to size up other people.
Among certain animals, it is impossible to get a mother to accept a baby that is unrelated to her, because she can SMELL that the baby is foreign and she will not take care of it. And you cannot make her -- kin selection is a very instinctual "on off" switch. Irrational, in some ways. The mother whose loyalty for her child will never be compromised no matter what -- try to explain to her the child is bad and doesn't deserve it, you won't get anywhere. Similarly, there is a stereotype out there which I think is valid that female friendships tend to be defined by blind loyalty. Among certain female peer groups, queen bees develop totalitarian reign, and any outsider the queen bee has any kind of problem with is deemed automatically wrong, regardless of individual behavior or objective reality. It matters only WHO someone is and NOT their behavior.
This is a social behavior pattern that shows up among those who practice KIN SELECTION and not GROUP SELECTION. Whereas, among men, there is a bit more of a meritocratic process to determine who is right, who is wrong, who has a right to have a problem with someone else, etc. They will decide to side with outsiders who are meritocratically correct, even if not part of the "in crowd." That's group selection. Not kin selection. They will BRING outsiders INTO the group who they decide are cool or in some way have characteristics they feel are superior and admirable in some way -- according to certain objective or semi-objective measures. Again -- group selection.
So, already, the distinction between whether we engage in group selection or kin selection are moderated by what SENSES we use to JUDGE who to "select for" or "favor" and who not to. Eyesight = group selection. Scent = kin selection. The part of our brain "trying to" engage in kin selection will, when it filters that "kin selection" instinct through our sense of eyesight, inevitably transform it into group selection simply through inability to measure anything better than that through eyesight.
This is in line with quantum mechanics theory in physics which holds that your ability to figure out a particle's exact velocity and position is marred by "blurry" measuring tools. Thus, strict "kin selection" is going to be blurred by one's inability to fully distinguish kin versus non-kin. Or, if kin selection is one where you are supposed to favor others in proportion to what percentage of DNA you share in common with them -- the limitation of your senses will make you only able to select for certain markers which raise only the PROBABILITY that the person you favored shared more genes with you than someone else.